What the f? F/stops also known and referred as Apertures. Which is only 1 side of the Photographic Triangle. ISO and Shutter Speed make up the rest of the triangle.
For the technical minded out there, an f-stop is a fraction that indicates the diameter of the aperture. The f stands for the focal length of the lens, the slash (/) means divided by, and the number represents .. Bryan Peterson Understanding Exposure.
Basically it's the hole.. that works like your pupil. Notice how your pupil gets bigger when it's dark out as it's trying to allow in as much light as possible to see.. and when it shrinks when it's too bright out. The aperture is the camera's pupil and the photographer is the brain telling it how to 'see'. F-stops show up as numbers as: f/4, f/4.5, f/5, f5.6 , f/6.3, f/7.1, f/8, f/9. f/10. f/11 and can go up to f/32 on DSLRS on fixed cameras the highest will be f/8 or f/11. (The underlined numbers above represent the the original full stops the others are the newer one-third options.)
Now here is where it gets interesting. The larger the f-stop the smaller the lens opening, so less light will enter your camera. However more depth of field there will be as the light won't "scatter".. rendering a front to back view in the picture.
Story Telling Apertures are large f-stop settings : f/ 16, f/ 22, f/32. f/ 22. This f-stop setting is a commonly chosen on and will allow you to show a front to back story in your pictures. As shown in this picture I found below via Google images:
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Isolation or Singular- Theme Apertures. Just as larger f-stops have their place so does smaller f-stops which work in the opposite. They force the camera's pupil to be wide open and absorbs and scatters a lot of light across the camera. ( f/2.8. f/4, f/5.6 ). When you deliberately focus on the subject it will render the background blurry, this will give the photograph weight. Which works to give more focus on the subject you choose to shoot. Another photo to demonstrate via Google Images:
Who cares ? apertures . f/8, f/11 are used when the depth of field is not an issue. ex: if you were to shoot a wall... who cares what aperture since it's all the same focal distance? f/8,f/11 apertures are often the sharpest and render better contrast in exposure, as it is the 'sweet' spot on camera lens. The wide open apertures ( f/2.8-f/5.6) scatter the light across the lens ( as Bryan Peterson describes it in Understanding Exposure: "The effect is similar to pouring milk onto an upside down bowl: only a little milk remains on the center, while most of the milk spills off the sides" .. meaning only the subject you focused on will be seen clearly..all the other light will be recorded fuzzy/blurry giving visual weight to your subject ) Another picture via Google Images:
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